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Yoshiyuki IMURA Satoko IGUCHI Kazuhiro TOYODA Yuki ICHINOSE Tomonori SHIRAISHI Tetsuji YAMADA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2000,66(2):123-127
Regulatory elements in the promoter of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene 1 of pea (PSPAL1) in response to nonpathogenic attack were identified by in vivo footprinting analysis. The footprints determined AC-rich sequences, Box-I and Box-II, that were conserved at similar positions
in the phenylpropanoid gene promoters from several plants. To reveal the functions of the AC-rich sequence in nonpathogen-responsiveness,
we constructed Box-I-deletion PSPAL1 promoter (dB-1) with GUS reporter gene and transformed it into tobacco plant. The dB-1 had reduced basal expression and a complete loss of nonpathogen-responsiveness. These results indicate the essentiality of
Box-I for PSPAL1 activation induced by nonpathogenic attack.
Received 27 October 1999/ Accepted in revised form 25 November 1999 相似文献
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Ito N Mita T Shimizu K Ito Y Masatani T Nakagawa K Yamaoka S Abe M Okadera K Minamoto N Sugiyama M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(10):1363-1366
We previously reported that rabies virus strain CE(NiM), but not the parental Ni-CE strain, killed mice after intracerebral inoculation. CE(NiM) and Ni-CE are genetically identical except for two amino acids at positions 29 and 95 in the M protein. In this study, to identify which residue determines the pathogenicity, we examined pathogenicities of two Ni-CE mutants, CE(NiM29) and CE(NiM95), which were established by replacement of an amino acid residue at position 29 or 95 in the Ni-CE M protein with the corresponding residue of CE(NiM), respectively. We found that CE(NiM95), but not CE(NiM29), killed mice, indicating that the amino acid at position 95 in the M protein is the pathogenic determinant. 相似文献
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Inaba Y Aikawa Y Hirai T Hashiyada Y Yamanouchi T Misumi K Ohtake M Somfai T Kobayashi S Saito N Matoba S Konishi K Imai K 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2011,57(4):437-443
The aim of this study was to develop an in-straw dilution method suitable for 1-step bovine embryo transfer of vitrified embryos using the Cryotop vitrification-straw dilution (CVSD) method. The development of embryos vitrified using the CVSD method was compared with those of embryos cryopreserved using in-straw vitrification-dilution (ISVD) and conventional slow freezing, outside dilution of straw (SFODS) methods. In Experiment 1, in vitro-produced (IVP) embryos cryopreserved using the CVSD method were diluted, warmed and exposed to the dilution solution at various times. When vitrified IVP embryos were exposed to the dilution solution for 30 min after warming, the rates of embryos developing to the hatched blastocyst stage after 72 h of culture (62.0-72.5%) were significantly lower (P<0.05) than those of embryos exposed to the solution for 5 and 10 min (82.4-94.3%), irrespective of supplementation with 0.3 M sucrose in the dilution solution. In Experiment 2, the rate of embryos developing to the hatching blastocyst stage after 48 h of culture in IVP embryos cryopreserved using the SFODS method (75.0%) was significantly (P<0.05) lower than those of embryos cryopreserved using the CVSD and ISVD methods (93.2 and 97.3%, respectively). In Experiment 3, when in vivo-produced embryos that had been cryopreserved using the CVSD, ISVD and SFODS methods and fresh embryos were transferred to recipient animals, no significant differences were observed in the conception and delivery rates among groups. In Experiment 4, when IVP embryos derived from oocytes collected by ovum pick-up that had been cryopreserved using the CVSD and ISVD methods and fresh embryos were transferred to recipient animals, no significant differences were observed in the conception rates among groups. Our results indicate that this simplified regimen of warming and diluting Cryotop-vitrified embryos may enable 1-step bovine embryo transfer without the requirement of a microscope or other laboratory equipment. 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to determine the effect of thermal stimulation at 39°C on the fusion and elongation of skeletal muscle cells. During a 5 day differentiation process of C2C12 cells, nine groups subjected to varying lengths of thermal stimulation at 39°C were established. Afterward, all groups were immunostained using anti‐muscle heavy‐chain antibody to test for myotube formation. Quantification of the myotube area demonstrated a significant increase in the group subjected to thermal stimulation at 39°C during the latter half of the differentiation compared with the control group, but the fusion index was significantly higher in the group that received hyperthermic treatment during the first half of the differentiation period. Moreover, the longitudinal length of myotubes was significantly increased in the groups that were subjected to thermal stimulation at 39°C during the latter half of the differentiation period. The distance between the center of myotubes and the nucleus farthest away from the center was substantially extended in the group receiving thermal stimulation at 39°C only on the fourth day of the differentiation. Together, these results demonstrate that thermal stimulation at 39°C facilitates myoblast fusion and elongation. 相似文献
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DNMT1, the major maintenance DNA methyltransferase in animals, helps to regulate gene expression, genome imprinting, and X-chromosome inactivation. We report on the crystal structure of a productive covalent mouse DNMT1(731-1602)-DNA complex containing a central hemimethylated CpG site. The methyl group of methylcytosine is positioned within a shallow hydrophobic concave surface, whereas the cytosine on the target strand is looped out and covalently anchored within the catalytic pocket. The DNA is distorted at the hemimethylated CpG step, with side chains from catalytic and recognition loops inserting through both grooves to fill an intercalation-type cavity associated with a dual base flip-out on partner strands. Structural and biochemical data establish how a combination of active and autoinhibitory mechanisms ensures the high fidelity of DNMT1-mediated maintenance DNA methylation. 相似文献
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Masaharu Kubota Satoko Nakasuji Masafumi Shimizu Kazufumi Nishi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2006,72(2):123-125
In October 2004, Pythium ultimum var. ultimum was isolated from rotten stems of cabbage plug seedlings in a commercial nursery in Mie Prefecture (Japan). The isolated
fungus was then used to inoculate seedlings and subsequently reisolated from the seedlings with the damping-off disease, showing
that P. ultimum var. ultimum is a new pathogen causing cabbage seedling disease. 相似文献
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Nakagiri Takao Kato Hisaaki Maruyama Seiji Hashimoto Satoko Horino Haruhiko Sakurai Shinji 《Paddy and Water Environment》2019,17(3):463-473
Paddy and Water Environment - This study aims to investigate a possibility of quantitative assessment of the relationship between return flow from paddy fields and river regime by using hydrogen-... 相似文献
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